论民事证据理念的转变--兼谈民事诉讼证据新规定的发展     

石先钰 《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2004,43(1):102-106

与此前的立法与司法解释相比,证据新《规定》有了较大的发展,我们的民事证据理念也应当有相应的转变。树立法律真实、私法自治的理念,全面正确理解举证责任的含义和实质。引入高度盖然性原理与法官心证原则,采用直接、言词证人证言方式。  相似文献   

区域科技人才开发效率测算及时空差异分析     

吕一清  童谣  黄昱 《科技管理研究》2023,(5):117-126

为探索国家启动科技人才队伍建设计划以来区域科技人才开放效率的时空变异特征和规律，采用考虑非期望产出的SBM模型、DEA-Malmquist模型、Moran’Ⅰ模型，从静动态视角测度和剖析中国区域科技人才开放效率的时空变化和空间相关性特点，并采用空间计量模型进行空间溢出效应验证。研究结果表明，从静态来看，2016年后越来越多地区科技人才开放效率值达到有效水平；从动态来看，Malmquist生产率总体上升1.1%,2015年后科技人才开放效率值均明显改善；总体上，科技人才开放效率表现出空间集聚性和相关性较弱的特征，在直接效应层面，经济发展水平、制度环境、金融支持对科技人才开发效率均具有显著正相关特征。基于此，提出提升区域科技人才开放水平的政策建议。  相似文献   

刑事缺席审判中的证据规则研究——以境外追逃追赃为视角          下载免费PDF全文

顾佳浩 《唐山学院学报》2021,33(5):78-88

在外逃型缺席审判中正确适用证据规则，不仅有助于我国境外追逃追赃工作的顺利进行，而且有利于被告人的权利保障。然而，既存制度下的证据规则存在适用疑难，包括启动缺席审判的控方证明责任过重、被告人放弃出庭的自愿性推定规则失当、非法证据排除规则的法律适用不明和域外证据的鉴真规则粗疏。因此，应当基于公正与效率的动态平衡、权利放弃理论兼顾价值权衡理论、尊重他国司法主权、精细化的"智慧司法"这四项基本理念，适当减轻启动缺席审判程序的控方证明责任，完善被告人放弃出庭的自愿性推定规则，区分证据取得和证据使用的阶段性概念，并构建和细化智慧鉴真规则，从而实现证据规则在缺席审判中的规范合理适用。  相似文献   

Assessing approaches to learning with nonparametric multidimensional scaling     

Gerald Knezek  David Gibson  Rhonda Christensen  Ottavia Trevisan  Morgan Carter 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(1):126-141

This article reports on a trace-based assessment of approaches to learning used by middle school aged children who interacted with NASA Mars Mission science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) games in Whyville, an online game environment with 8 million registered young learners. The learning objectives of two games included awareness and knowledge of NASA missions, developing knowledge and skills of measurement and scaling, applying measurement for planetary comparisons in the solar system. Trace data from 1361 interactions were analysed with nonparametric multidimensional scaling methods, which permitted visual examination and statistical validation, and provided an example and proof of concept for the multidimensional scaling approach to analysis of time-based behavioural data from a game or simulation. Differences in approach to learning were found illustrating the potential value of the methodology to curriculum and game-based learning designers as well as other creators of online STEM content for pre-college youth. The theoretical framework of the method and analysis makes use of the Epistemic Network Analysis toolkit as a post hoc data exploration platform, and the discussion centres on issues of semantic interpretation of interaction end-states and the application of evidence centred design in post hoc analysis.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

• Educational game play has been demonstrated to positively affect learning performance and learning persistence.
• Trace-based assessment from digital learning environments can focus on learning outcomes and processes drawn from user behaviour and contextual data.
• Existing approaches used in learning analytics do not (fully) meet criteria commonly used in psychometrics or for different forms of validity in assessment, even though some consider learning analytics a form of assessment in the broadest sense.
• Frameworks of knowledge representation in trace-based research often include concepts from cognitive psychology, education and cognitive science.

What this paper adds

• To assess skills-in-action, stronger connections of learning analytics with educational measurement can include parametric and nonparametric statistics integrated with theory-driven modelling and semantic network analysis approaches widening the basis for inferences, validity, meaning and understanding from digital traces.
• An expanded methodological foundation is offered for analysis in which nonparametric multidimensional scaling, multimodal analysis, epistemic network analysis and evidence-centred design are combined.

Implications for practice and policy

• The new foundations are suggested as a principled, theory-driven, embedded data collection and analysis framework that provides structure for reverse engineering of semantics as well as pre-planning frameworks that support creative freedom in the processes of creation of digital learning environments.

  相似文献   

数字时代被告人质证权的实现困境及出路——以大数据证据为视角          下载免费PDF全文

俞育标 《唐山学院学报》2023,36(5):93-101

数字时代,司法程序越来越"智慧化",大数据证据的运用也越来越广泛,但这种嬗变给审判场域被告人质证权的行使带来了许多障碍。一方面,对于大数据证据所属证据种类尚存争议,加之被追诉方获取数据渠道的闭塞性和分析数据能力的有限性造成了数字时代新的"控辩鸿沟",甚至出现了"数据倾倒",无法实现控辩平等武装。另一方面,法官过度信任大数据证据,对该类证据并不进行充分实质的质证,有违"以审判为中心"的要求。这就需要突破法定证据种类的藩篱,明确大数据证据作为独立的新证据种类的地位并适用补强证据规则,赋予被追诉方数据访问权,强制大数据证据收集方出庭接受质证并允许被追诉方聘请专家对大数据证据发表意见,从而实现对大数据证据的质证。  相似文献   

石家庄市政府研发资金投入带动效应分析     

尚岩  王燕 《科技管理研究》2010,30(15)

根据石家庄2003-2008年市研发资金以及科技计划课题资金投入与分布情况,分析石家庄市政府研发投入对其他科技投入的影响效应,结果显示,政府研发投入对其他科技投入具有引致效应.  相似文献